Publication - Universitas Negeri Jakarta Culture Collection

OUR PUBLISHED RESEARCH

Step into the realm of discovery with our collection of published research. UNJCC actively conducts research, particularly in the field of microbiology, and has been actively publishing numerous research articles since 2016.

Screening the capabilities of Indonesian indigenous mold in producing cellulase enzyme

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018.

This study aims to get the isolates of mold that can potentially produce cellulase enzyme. This research was conducted in December 2017 until January 2018 in Microbiology Laboratory of Universitas Negeri Jakarta. The screening test of potential isolates producing cellulase enzymes was performed on 31 isolates of UNJCC in CDA medium with addition of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) substrate and testing of clear zone formation using 0.1% congo red reagent. From the result of the research, there are 18 potential mold isolates which can produce cellulase enzyme. 3 isolates which have the highest Cellulolytic index are isolate A17, K4, and 1 which have cellulolytic index value of 1.03, 0.32, 0.29. From macroscopic and microscopic identification it can be assumed that the coded isolates of K4 and A17 belong to the genus Aspergillus, while, isolates code 1 belong to the genus Penicillium. Forming the clear zone on CMC subtrate with dropped congo red reagent it because congo red reagent can bind strongly with polysaccharides containing β (1-4) D-glucopyranosyl bonds. And the ability of clear zone formation on CMC substrates shows the presence of enzyme endo-β-1,4 glucanase (CMCase) that can breaks off the β -1,4-glycosidic bond linking D-glucose monomer to CMC.

Isolation and characterization of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus spp. from maize of livestock feed from Bogor

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018.

Aflatoxin is a naturally mutagenic and carcinogenic mycotoxin found in feed and food. Aflatoxin contamination on maize can affect productivity of feed and food manufacture. The purpose of this study was to obtain isolates and to understand the characteristics of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus from maize on livestock feed. The study was divided into two stages: isolation and molecular identification of fungal ITS rDNA region in livestock feed obtained from Bogor, West Java. Isolation was conducted by enrichment and direct method using Dichloran-Glycerol (DG18) medium, while aflatoxin test and fungal characterization were done by CAM (Coconut Agar Medium) and selective medium of Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus (AFPA), respectively. The result showed that 9 of isolates are identified as molds (P2, P3, P4, P5, P7, P8, are green sporulated, while P1, P6, P9 are black sporulated). Aflatoxin detection on P3 and P8 isolates did not produce blue fluorescence fluid in CAM and did not form a beige ring on the back of petri. This indicated P3 and P8 did not produce aflatoxin on CAM media. Molecular identification results that P3 and P8 isolates have 100% and 99% homology with A. flavus, respectively.

Recent Advancement in White Biotechnology Through Fungi: 65-99, 2019.

Fungal Phytases: Biotechnological Applications in Food and Feed Industries

Phytases are found naturally in many organisms especially in different classes of plants and microbes. Interest in these enzymes has been motivated by the fact that phytase supplements increase the bioavailability of phosphorus in food and feed which also reduce phosphorus pollution resulting from its excretion by livestock. Although phytases are reported to be produced by different biofactories, fungal microorganisms are widely used for their production on the commercial scale. Phytases can be produced by fungi in different cultivation systems including both solid-state and submerged fermentation systems. Different factors influence the yield of produced phytases including carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, temperature, incubation time, inoculum age, and size. Variety of natural and recombinant expression systems employing different types of fungi are used to enhance the overall productivity. This chapter focuses on the production of fungal phytases, their downstream processing and formulation, as well as their applications in food and feed industries.

Screening and characterization of amylolitic mold originated from ghost crab (Ocypode sp.) in Cidaon, Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2019.

Amylases have been used since centuries in textile, feed, food and paper industries. Of different biofactories applied in amylases production, molds have been widely used in industries based on their high capacity for production and excretion of the enzyme. Amylolytic molds can be isolated from different environments. This study aims to select and characterize amylolytic fungi from ghost crabs (Ocypode sp.), at Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia. Sampling was carried out by purposive random sampling method, followed by mold isolation by using the direct and washing method. The screening was carried out by the agar diffusion method, and the selected strain was fully characterized using microscopic and macroscopic studies. The data obtained were analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by DMRT test with a significant level of 5%. Based on the results, it can be seen that ghost crab (Ocypode sp.) is a good substrate for mold growth. There are 30 representative mold isolates has successfully isolated from crabs from 2 sampling sites. Almost 46% of mold isolates were found to have the potential ability to produce amylase enzymes. However, isolate UNJCC F111 has the highest IA value of 2.73 mm and based on observation, it is thought to belong to the Penicillium group. As many as 71.4% of the 14 amylolytic potential mold isolates were thought to belong to the genera Aspergillus. The isolated strains have high potential as biofactory of amylases production and could be applied for industrial production.

Potential amylase-producing yeast isolated from indigenous fermented beverages originating from Bali, Indonesia

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019.

Indonesia has many fermented beverages, and yeast become one of the agents in fermented process. Yeasts has a role to transform carbohydrate complex into simple compounds with release secondary metabolism to environment like amylase enzyme. This study aims to get the isolate of yeast that can potentially produce amylase enzyme. This research conducted in October 2018 until March 2019 in Microbiology Laboratory of Universitas Negeri Jakarta. The screening test of potential isolate producing amylase enzyme was performed on yeast isolate from eight source of indigenous fermented beverages that can grow in YMA medium with pH 2. Screening was carried out on YPSA medium with diffusion agar method. From 50 Isolates, 16 isolates with the codes IB4, IB15, IB20, IB21, IB26, IB36, IL78, IL80, IL81, IL86, IL88, IL97, IL113, IL136, IL146, and IL150, were able to form clear zone after 1-day incubation in room temperature. The highest amylolytic index was produced by IL86 (1,019 mm). Forming the clear zone is proof that yeast can transform starch become simpler sugar like maltose as iodine-starch reaction is resulting amylose helix and iodine become I3− that filled main core helix. In addition to this, iodine forms complexes with starch molecules showed a dark purple

Antagonistic activity of phylloplane yeasts from Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves against Aspergillus flavus UNJCC F-30 from chicken feed

Indian Phytopathology, 2019.

Aspergillus flavus is widely known as an aflatoxin-producing fungus that frequently contaminates feed and affects livestock, which leads to severe health problem for animal and human. Biological agents have been proven to prevent this contamination since they can produce metabolites which have antagonistic activity. In this study, phylloplane yeasts isolated from Moringa oleifera leaf have shown an ability to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus UNJCC F-30 collected from chicken feed. This research was conducted in three stages: (1) yeast isolation (leaf washing and direct method), followed by (2) antagonistic test using dual culture method, and (3) molecular identification using D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA. In the first stage, 38 yeast isolates have been succesfully obtained. These isolates were of different colors: peach pigment (60.5%), the non-pigmented yeast (26.5%), cream (10%), and orange (3%). Antagonistic activity against A. flavus UNJCC F-30 was tested based on growth, sporulation, and the presence of clear zones. Screening result showed that 12 yeast isolates are capable of inhibiting A. flavus UNJCC F-30. Among them, 4 isolates with the code K4, K10, K15, and K26 showed the highest antagonist ability. Molecular identification resulted that the 4 isolates show a similar identity with Aureobasidium pullulans UWFP 993 (100%), Aureobasidium melanogenum QCC:M017/17 (99%), Aureobasidium melanogenum QCC:M017/17 (100%) and Rhodotorula taiwanensis CBS:11729 (99%), respectively. Isolate K10 exhibited the highest percentage of inhibition activity among all isolates which is potential for application as biocontrol agent against A. flavus. As A. pullulans is a common yeast found on leaf surfaces of many Indonesian flora, therefore it can be considered as safe and alternative to reduce fungal contamination from A. flavus in feed chicken.

Chicken drumstick mushroom (Coprinus comatus) ethanol extract exerts a hypoglycaemic effect in the Rattus norvegicus model of diabetes

Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2019.

Coprinus comatus has hypoglycaemic and antioxidant activity, and thus also potential for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). The treatment of DM is prolonged and costly and long-term use of the currently available therapeutics carries a risk of development of side effects. This creates an opportunity for application of traditional medicine. The ideal therapy for DM would not only have an anti-hyperglycaemic effect, but would also enhance antioxidant defences. C. comatus contains ergothioneine, a thiol with antioxidant activity.
We assayed the effect of a C. comatus ethanol extract on the blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, superoxide dismutase, and plasma insulin levels of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with alloxan-induced DM, and performed a dose-response analysis. This study used a completely randomised design and a post-test approach, and included a control group.
The C. comatus ethanol extract reduced the blood glucose, MDA, and HbA1c levels and increased the plasma insulin level. The 500 mg/kg body weight dose exhibited the greatest efficacy, as it reduced the blood glucose level by 12.33%, HbA1c level by 6.35%, MDA level by 32.6%, and SOD and plasma insulin levels by 10.57%.

Isolation and screening of amylolytic yeast from Paphiopedilum sp., originating from Bedugul Botanical Garden, Bali, Indonesia

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019.

Amylase (E.C.3.2.1.1) are the enzyme that works as catalyst in the hydrolysis of starch into simple monomers. Amylase enzymes are widely used in various industrial fields such as textile, food, paper and other industries. Compared to other organisms, yeasts can produce enzymes more effectively and safer for the environment. Amylolytic yeast can be isolated from flower substrates as it contains sugar for the very limited condition of yeast growth. This study aims to isolate, select and characterize amylolytic yeasts on the substrate of Paphiopedilum sp. from Bedugul Botanical Garden, Bali. Yeast isolation was carried out with direct and washing method, followed by screening conducted on YPSA medium with diffusion agar method. Results showed that 19 yeast isolates were obtained with characteristics of 73.9% white-mucoid, 21.05% cream-mucoid and 5.26% light flesh-mucoid. Screening results showed that 10 isolates which coded by P1, P4, P6, P10, P11, P12, P13, P14, P15 and P19, were able to produce amylase enzyme. The potential yeast isolates in yielding amylase with P12 isolate codes had amylolytic index 0,45 mm. from this research, it can be found the symbiosis between yeasts and plants are happening in certain ways.

Antifungal Mechanism of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Aureobasidium sp. nov. Isolated from Cerbera manghas L. against the Growth of Destructive Molds in Post Harvested Apples

Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture, 2020.

Background: Apples often experience postharvest damage due to being attacked by mold organisms. Several groups of molds such as Aspergillus sp., Penicilium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, and Venturia sp. can cause a serious postharvest disease exhibited as watery regions where areas of blue-green tufts of spores develop. Current methods using fungicides to control pathogenic fungi can cause resistance if applied in the long term. An alternative procedure using yeast as a biological agent has been found.
Objective: The aim of this study is to screen potential yeast, which has the ability to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus brasielensis (isolate A1) and Aspergillus flavus section flavi (isolate A17) isolated from apple fruits.
Methods: Antagonism test using YMA dual culture medium using in vitro assays and ITS rDNA identification were performed.
Results: The result showed that 3 out of 19 yeast isolated from Cerbera manghas L, T1, T3 and T4, demonstrated the potential ability as a biocontrol agent. ITS rDNA identification demonstrated that T1 has a similarity to Rhodotorula mucilaginosa while T3 and T4 were identified as Aureobasidium sp. nov. The 3 isolates exhibited the ability to reduce the growth of A. brasiliensis sensu lato better than dithane 0.3% with a Disease Incidence (DI) of 100% and a Disease Severity (DS) value of 45%. Only isolate T1 and T3 were able to reduce decay symptoms in apples inoculated with A. flavus sensu lato (with DO and DS were 100% and 25%, respectively) compared to dithane pesticides 0.3%.
Conclusion: This study indicated that competition between nutrients occurs between pathogenic molds and under-yeast in vitro and in vivo conditions. However, further studies in the future might be able to elucidate the ‘killer’ activity and interaction with the pathogen cells and the bio-product production using Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Aureoubasidium namibiae strains to control postharvest diseases.

Read more >> DOI: 10.2174/2212798411666200423101159

Screening of amylolytic and cellulolytic yeast from Dendrobium spathilingue in Bali Botanical Garden, Indonesia

AIP Proceeding Conference, 2020.

The objective of this research is to get the isolates of yeast which have the potential to produce amylase and cellulose enzymes. Cellulase and amylase enzymes are the examples of the types of enzymes that play an important role in biotechnology and industry. Dendrobium spathilingue flower samples were obtained from Bali National Park, Indonesia. Isolation is done by using direct & washing method on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium. A total of 180 isolates of yeast were obtained from isolation. Based on the varied color and texture characters of the colony, as many as 30 selected representative yeast isolates were selected for Selection Yeast Cellulose & Amylase. Cellulolytic yeast screening process was performed using Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC) medium, obtained by 2 isolates of cellulolytic potential yeast, the W.3.8 yeast isolate had high cellulolytic potential, while the amylolytic yeast screening process was performed using a medium of Yeast Peptone Starch (Soluble YPSS), obtained by 17 potential amylolytic isolates, the yeast isolate W.1.5 has a high amylolytic potential. Cellulolytic and amylolytic activity is known by the occurrence of clear zones surrounding the colony. The yeast isolates W.3.8 and W.1.5 have white, mucoid texture, glossy surface, mountain elevation, and flat edges.

Metagenomic-based approach for the analysis of yeast diversity associated with amylase production in Lai (Durio kutejensis)

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2021.

This study reported the application of a next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of yeast diversity in native Indonesian fruit, Durio kutejensis, collected from Borneo, Central Kalimantan. The analysis was designed to observe the microbial consortium associated with solid state fermentation (SSF) for amylase production. Together with the additional data from culture-dependent analysis, we observed the morphological features, molecular characteristics, and amylase concentration produced by each isolate. We performed Solid State Fermentation (SSF) for amylase production and the enzyme activity was then determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 540 nm. Result obtained from metagenomic approach consist of 4 group that fungal species included in the Ascomycota identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea (1.35%), Lasiodiplodia crassispora(17.62%), Aureobasidium pullulans (55.02%), Paraphoma chrysanthemicola (11.38%), Preussia funiculate (1.90%), Sporormiella intermedia (0.82%), Myrothecium gramineum (1.35%), Fusarium oxysporum (6.24%), Fusarium proliferatum (3.25%) and Phialemoniopsis curvata (1.08%). The results of isolation using culturable medium in the form of YMA obtained 40 yeast isolates. A total of 40 representative isolates from durian fruit were screened, two positive amylase isolates based on clear zones formed were DU 4.2 (Candida sorboxylosa) and DU4.22 (Cyberlindnera fabianii) isolates with amylolytic index of DU 4.2 isolates at 0.24 and DU 4.22 at 0.72 with an incubation time of 48 h. The highest amylase enzyme activity was found in isolate DU 4.2 of 31.21 U/mL.

Read more >> DOI: 10.22207/JPAM.15.1.02

Antagonist Test of Endophyte Fungi Isolated from Leaves of Mangrove (Rhizophora sp.) as Antifungi Against Sanca Snakes (Malayopython sp.) Disease

Current Applied Science and Technology, 2023.

Mangrove plants have many benefits, such as the ability to produce bioactive compounds. Bioactive compounds can be produced by endophytic fungi found on mangrove leaves. Endophytic fungi are also known to produce secondary metabolites that are the same as their hosts produce for plant defense. Endophytic fungi in mangrove leaves (Rhizophora sp.) have antagonistic potential against pathogenic fungi. One of the pathogenic fungi was shown to cause a skin disease in pythons (Malayopython sp.) through the transmission via tick saliva. Pathogenic fungi found in tick saliva were Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger. This study examined the potential of endophytic fungi in mangrove leaves (Rhizophora sp.) as anti-fungal pathogens in pythons. Endophytic fungi were isolated from mangrove leaves at the Angke Kapuk Mangrove Nature Park, Pantai Indah Kapuk, DKI Jakarta, and an antagonist test of endophytic fungi against pathogenic fungi was performed using the dual culture assay method. This study obtained 16 isolates, and nine isolates had antagonistic potential. These nine isolates produced a clear zone in the antagonist test. The inhibition zone indicates endophytic fungi inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi.

FORKOMIKRO: Catalogue of Microorganisms

Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, 2023.

Access to information about microorganisms is essential for expanding our knowledge of their diversity, enabling us to make sustainable use of them, and achieving the benefits they provide to our society. This catalog was compiled by the FORKOMIKRO team and is an update from the previous 3 editions. The book contains more than 4500 entries of microorganisms from 5 collectors in Indonesia, i.e., InaCC, IPBCC, MUICC, UNJCC and UIMCC. The catalog provides well-standardized microbial collections, which is very useful for research and development. This book is also enriched with information including a brief history, source, localization, and cultivation of each microorganism to help microbiologists and readers understand the diversity of microorganisms and their conservation.

The Potential of Cellulolytic Yeast Pichia manshurica UNJCC Y-123, Saccharomyces cerevisiae UNCC Y-84, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae UNJCC Y-83 to Produce Cellulase Enzyme by Using Substrate Skin Delignification of Cocoa (Theobroma cocoa)

Trends in Science, 2023.

Exploring the possibility of using agricultural waste as a substrate for the synthesis of cellulase enzymes for fuel and renewable energy is the main goal of this study, which is in line with the notions of sustainable development and environmental stewardship. The product of delignification of cocoa peel can be used as a substrate for cellulase enzymes producing by yeast isolated from Balinese palm wine. Cellulase enzymes made from yeast from Balinese palm wine can be produced using the delignified cocoa peel as a substrate. This study aims to analyze the cellulase enzyme activity of yeast from Bali’s palm wine on delignified cocoa bark substrates. The tests carried out were delignification of cocoa bark (solvent variations: HCl, H2SO4 and NaOH; concentrations: 1, 1.5 and 2 %; biomass 1:15 and 1:20 (w/v)); screening of cellulolytic yeast from Balinese palm wine; molecular identification and morphological characteristics of yeast; and cellulase enzyme activity (variation of yeast isolates and fermentation time of 48, 72 and 96 h). The results of delignification of cocoa shells showed that the use of 1.5 % NaOH solvent with cocoa shell powder biomass of 1:15 (9.59 ± 0.11) significantly differed from the value of reducing sugar content. Based on the screening results of 6 yeast isolates, 3 yeast isolates with the highest cellulolytic index values were selected, namely UNJCC Y-83 (0.29 ± 0.01 mm), UNJCC Y-123 (0.24 ± 0.01 mm) and UNJCC Y-84 (0.23 ± 0.01 mm). For testing cellulase enzyme activity. S. cerevisiae UNJCC Y-83 (4.11 ± 0.41 U/mL); S. cerevisiae UNJCC Y-84 (4.11 ± 0.33 U/mL) and P. manshurica UNJCC Y-123 (4.06 ± 0.12 U/mL) at 96 h of fermentation had significantly different cellulase enzyme activity. The results of identification of yeast rDNA in the D1/D2 region with NL1/NL4 primers obtained the identity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae UNJCC Y-83; Saccharomyces cerevisiae UNJCC Y-84 (99.66 % homology); and Pichia manshurica (100 % homology). Theobroma cocoa rind can be used as a yeast substrate to produce cellulase enzymes for fuel and renewable energy.